2019

TG2408 : Obelisk on the vault of George Grout Esq

taken 5 years ago, near to Norwich, Norfolk, England

Obelisk on the vault of George Grout Esq
Obelisk on the vault of George Grout Esq
George Grout died on 19 December 1860, aged 79. He was the owner of Grout & Co, silk crape manufacturers with premises in Norwich, Great Yarmouth and Ditchingham and warehouses in London and Manchester.

In Pigot's Directory of Norfolk (1839) he is listed as a silk merchant with silk mills in Lower Westwick Street. Harrod and Co's Directory of Norfolk & Suffolk (1877) has the following listing: "Messrs Grout and Co, manufacturers of silk crapes, lisses and aerophanes, employ from 700 to 800 hands at their factory in Lower Westwick; they have factories also at Yarmouth, in which they employ about 800 hands. The other manufacturies are Ditchingham, Manchester and London, and employ about 3,000 hands."

George Grout, his brother Joseph, and John Bayliss were the founders of the company 'Grout, Bayliss & Co' with their workshops in Patterson's Yard off Magdalen Street, where silk warps were prepared and subsequently passed out to weavers who worked from home. Joseph Grout (1781-1853) was a saddle and harness maker from Bocking in Essex. In 1806, he began to manufacture 'Norwich crepe', a lower cost imitation of French crepe, at Patteson’s Yard off Magdalen Street, where his brother George joined him in partnership.

The brothers established large mills at Lower Westwick Street and in 1815 they opened a silk factory at the former military barracks in St Nicholas Road, Great Yarmouth. By 1825, they employed an average of 3,908 workers, a large proportion of the work force being young women. By 1829 they had also opened a silk crepe factory at Ponder’s End, Enfield. About one third each of the raw silk came from Bengal, China and Italy. A fire in 1832 destroyed the Great Yarmouth factory, which was subsequently rebuilt, and in around 1833, mills were established at Ditchingham. On the retirement in 1835 of the Grout brothers, who by then had become very wealthy, the management of the company was taken over by William Martin, a close relative.

In 1837, the factory in Great Yarmouth had 1,100 employees; 970 workers were employed in Norwich and 560 at the Ditchingham factory. By 1854, the three factories regularly had more than 2,000 employees, the predominant manufacture at that time being gauze, which was sent to the Ponder’s End factory to be converted into crepe for mourning purposes. By 1862, Grout & Co was the largest manufacturer of crepe in Britain, with over 3,000 employees and the Norwich factory being the principal production site. Nearly 1,000 workers were employed at the Great Yarmouth factory in 1883. In 1885, Grout & Co still was the leading crepe manufacturer in Britain, with warehouses in London, Manchester, Paris and New York, and factories in Norwich, Great Yarmouth, Ditchingham and Ponder’s End.

Crepe, however, went out of fashion and almost all production was exported to Latin countries by 1890; production was centralised at Great Yarmouth and all other factories were closed and the company expanded into producing other textiles. In 1894, Grout & Co was registered as a company. The factory in Great Yarmouth still employed around 1,000 workers in 1907, and around 800 to 900 in 1914. In 1920 the company began the manufacture of crepe bandages, and during WW2 silk parachutes were produced. In 1962, Grout & Co was acquired by Carrington & Dewhurst, the largest manufacturer of filament fabrics in Europe, who in 1970 merged with Viyella to form Carrington Viyella, one of the largest textile manufacturers in Europe. In 1975, the Great Yarmouth factory was relocated to the Harfreys Industrial Estate, by which time Grout & Co focused on producing crepe bandages. Smith & Nephew acquired the Great Yarmouth factory from Coats Viyella in 1994, and the factory was closed in 1996.

At various times, the company held other factories not only throughout England. It owned a reeling establishment near Calcutta in India, which, following a financial crisis in 1890, was however concentrated at Great Yarmouth, and other factories were closed. In 1923, Grout's Ltd was formed, and a subsidiary established at St Catharines in Ontario, Canada, and expanded with the acquisition of Valleyfield Silk Mills Limited at Valleyfield, Quebec, in 1933. Manufacturing ended in 1955.
Rosary Road Cemetery, Norwich

The main entrance to this Grade II* listed cemetery is on Rosary Road > Link. A gate provides access for pedestrians only from Telegraph Lane East > Link. The Rosary was the first non-denominational cemetery in the UK and also the earliest garden cemetery in England. It was established in 1819 by Thomas Drummond, a nonconformist minister, on land formerly in use as a market garden. Claims according to which the Rosary is predated by the no longer existing Dissenters' cemetery in Rusholme Road, Manchester, are incorrect as indeed the records confirm that the latter was opened in 1821, two years after the Rosary, although the first burial in the Rosary did indeed take place in 1821. On 7 April 1824, the Norfolk Chronicle reports that it was agreed that the Rosary burial-ground having been duly entered at the office of the Bishop of the Diocese, and therein designated a general burial-ground for the use of persons of all sects and denominations, shall be invested in trustees on behalf of those who may become the holders of shares, to be limited to 500. The area of land comprising the Rosary - situated at the western end of the Thorpe Ridge and falling gently from north to east and south to west, with a more dramatic, terraced cross slope in the southern section descending from the high ground in the south-east towards the chapel - had formerly been in use as a market garden, and presents a broad green open space between the housing areas to the south and the playing fields of the Telegraph Lane schools to the north (G Goreham, 'Thorpe Hamlet', 1972). The local historian Geoffrey Goreham in 'Norwich Heritage' (1977) wrote "In Rosary Cemetery stone monuments straggle up the slope amongst forest trees and waning sunlight casts long shadows of urns, obelisks and crosses on the maze of winding footpaths", and this is still the case today.

The cemetery chapel > Link was constructed in 1879 and is said to be the finest work of architect Edward Boardman > Link.

Tragically, the first interment at the Rosary was Drummond's wife Ann who died in childbirth aged 41 > Link. The cemetery has a number of literary links. The novelist Ralph Hale Mottram, for instance, is buried here in the family plot > Link. He was Lord Mayor of Norwich and also the last chairman of the trustees of the cemetery before it was entrusted to Norwich Corporation in 1956. A number of Norwich School painters > Link are also buried in the Rosary, as are a number of railway employees such as the train driver John Prior and the fireman James Light, both killed in the disastrous 1874 Thorpe rail accident > Link. A great number of interesting gravestones and memorials, such as the cast iron monument of Jeremiah Cozens > Link and made by Thomas Dixon's foundry in Norwich, can be found on the 13 acres (53,000 square metres) of the cemetery. The only mausoleum in the cemetery is that of the eye surgeon Emanuel Cooper > Link.

Norwich Heritage have a record according to which the large crowds of people visiting the Rosary in the summer of 1880 led to the employment of a policeman.

An extension adjacent to the old part (referred to as the lower cemetery) in the north-east and bounded by Telegraph Lane East, was opened in 1924 > Link on land formerly owned by Isaac Bugg Coaks, and at times used as a grazing ground for the Cavalry horses, and Mr Bullard from Riverside used to train his horses there. This new part or upper cemetery was laid out according to the advice received from Captain Sandys-Winsch, the then head of the council parks department and the designer of Eaton Park, Wensum Park, Waterloo Park, and Heigham Park in Norwich. The Rosary came under the control of the Norwich Corporation in 1954 and it is estimated that about 18,500 people have been buried there since 1821.

To anyone interested in symbols and carvings > Link on gravestones and monuments the Rosary offers a rich field of study. The Victorians had a particular preoccupation with death: many houses of the period had a 'coffin corner', a niche cut into the stairwell so that the coffin could make the turn in the flight of stairs, and some houses had a showcase window, where the deceased could lie in state for people to pass by on the street and pay their respects. This preoccupation is also reflected in the art of the period, including the decorative artwork seen on gravestones.

The Rosary also contains 31 Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) graves > Link all made to the same design from Portland stone. The prominent circle at the top of each headstone depicts a national emblem or the regimental badge > Link. Below the badge are the details of the buried serviceman or woman, commonly comprising service number, rank, name, military deocrations, regiment, age and date of death. Due to the practice of non-repatriation of the dead, Commonwealth servicemen and women who died on active service abroad were buried abroad. The majority of those buried in the UK are for this reason those who died either in military hospitals in the UK, in training accidents or in air raids, or those whose bodies had been washed ashore. Special commemorative headstones for individuals who are buried elsewhere also exist (but not in the Rosary). They look the same as the usual CWGC headstones but in addition have a superscription across the top, marking them as commemorating stones rather than headstones situated over an actual grave. Many other war casualties who are buried abroad are commemorated on the gravestones of their relatives, which can be difficult to spot because they do not stand out like the uniform, clean and well-maintained CWGC graves. All the 31 CWGC headstones in the Rosary are situated over actual graves.

A great number of wild flowers, many of these native, can be found growing in the areas of grassland, and more than 130 flowering plants have been recorded. The lower cemetery (which is the older part) is managed as a nature reserve. The Rosary is also host to a great variety of birds, and one of the best locations in Norwich to observe butterflies.

The first OS map (surveyed 1880/83, published 1886) records three OS benchmarks in the cemetery: by the NE corner of the boundary wall (105.5); by the SE corner of the boundary wall (138.8), and on the SE corner of the cemetery lodge by the entrance (60.5). The cemetery also had a well, dating from before 1878. According to the record held at the National Geoscience Data Centre ((161/p9), water was struck at about 30 metres, through layers of brick earth, sand and gravel, and chalk. The well would seem to have been sealed a long time ago. It was situated at TG 2440 0846 (near the north-south path separating Sections F and G).

The year 2019 is a landmark date for the Rosary Cemetery in that it was established 200 years ago in 1819.

For graves of interest and detailed information about the people buried there, be they members of Norwich's thriving Victorian merchant community, leaders of industry, bankers, eminent surgeons, painters, writers, preachers, or ordinary working people - they all have a story to tell - see my article. Link.


Creative Commons Licence [Some Rights Reserved]   © Copyright Evelyn Simak and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.
This photo is linked from: Automatic Clusters: · Aged [1425] · Norwich [636] · Road [544] · William [405] · John [402] Other Photos: · Monuments in Section C ·
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Grid Square
TG2408, 2870 images   (more nearby 🔍)
Photographer
Evelyn Simak   (more nearby)
Date Taken
Monday, 22 April, 2019   (more nearby)
Submitted
Tuesday, 23 April, 2019
Subject Location
OSGB36: geotagged! TG 2436 0838 [10m precision]
WGS84: 52:37.6070N 1:18.8155E
Camera Location
OSGB36: geotagged! TG 2437 0838
View Direction
Northwest (about 315 degrees)
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Image Type (about): geograph 
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